Benefication technology for lithium-containing hydrogenic mineral products

A technology of reagentless sorption benefication is developed for lithium-containing hydrogenic mineral products of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride type. By the technology, it is possible to obtain lithium concentrates at a ratio of the summed Mg and Ca concentration to Li concentration less than 15, which is 12–25 times lower than in the primary brines. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Teknicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 89–99, November–December, 2005.     

用吸附处理工艺去除饮用水中阴离子表面活性物质的实验研究

采用活性炭、沸石和硅藻土三种常用吸附剂,通过静态实验和动态实验对饮用水中低浓度阴离子表面活性物质(LAS)的去除进行了考察.静态实验结果表明,用吸附法可有效地去除LAS,并且在通常条件下受温度、pH影响不显著,但在有机物如腐殖酸浓度较高的情况下LAS的吸附明显受到抑制.动态实验比较了不同LAS浓度、不同吸附剂对流出曲线的影响,并求出LAS的孔扩散系数和液膜扩散系数.考察LAS和腐殖酸双组分溶液穿透时间及饱和分数的结果表明,腐殖酸为控制化合物,因此实际应用中只需要考虑腐殖酸的去除即可满足LAS的去除要求.     

铜锰高温脱硫剂的物性及脱硫性能（Ⅱ）

研究了Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ脱硫剂的还原，脱硫及再生性能。该脱硫剂在实际应用中无需进行还原过程，且不仅显示较强的脱硫性能和较高的硫容量，而且在８０００℃的高温下仍能保持这些特性。     

Efficient MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets for high temperature CO2 capture

Novel MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets were prepared by gel-casting and wet impregnation. The effect of Na⁺ and MgO on the structure and CO₂ adsorption performance of CaO sorbent pellets was elucidated. MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets with the diameter range of 0.5-1.5 mm exhibited an excellent capacity for CO₂ adsorption and adsorption rate due to the homogeneous dispersion of MgO in the sorbent pellets and its effects on the physical structure of sorbents. The results show that MgO can effectively inhibit the sintering of CaO and retain the adsorption capacity of sorbents during multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. The presence of mesopores and macropores resulted in appreciable change of volume from CaO (16.7 cm³∙mol⁻¹) to CaCO₃ (36.9 cm³∙mol⁻¹) over repeated operation cycles. Ca2Mg1 sorbent pellets exhibited favorable CO₂ capture capacity (9.49 mmol∙g⁻¹), average adsorption rate (0.32 mmol∙g⁻¹∙min⁻¹) and conversion rate of CaO (74.83%) after 30 cycles.     

用于吸附贵重金属、有色金属、有毒金属及稀有金属的有机硅吸附剂

概述了有机硅吸附剂的结构、类型及其官能团的种类与被吸附元素的关系,详细介绍了用于吸附贵重金属、有色金属和有毒金属、稀土元素及放射性元素的有机硅吸附剂的官能团种类及其吸附特性,以及在化工废水、冶金污水、腐蚀性废水的无害化处理中的应用。     

新型合成聚合物重金属离子吸附剂及其吸附性能

阐述了新型聚合物重金属离子吸附剂的合成与改性及其对水溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)等重金属离子的吸附性能。这些聚合物重金属离子吸附剂对低浓度的重金属离子表现出了较好的吸附能力，其中聚合物吸附剂PGHyFeO—COOH对mg／L级的Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为211．4mg／g、155．0mg／g、147．2mg／g。这些吸附剂的吸附速度也较快，平衡吸附时间一般在60min左右，有的甚至只有几分钟。新型聚合物重金属离子吸附剂在水处理工业中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Desulfurization of commercial fuels by π-complexation: Monolayer CuCl/γ-Al2O3

Monolayer CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ sorbent was studied for desulfurization of a commercial jet fuel (364.3 ppmw S) and a commercial diesel (140 ppmw S). The sorbent was prepared by means of spontaneous monolayer dispersion methods. Deep desulfurization (sulfur levels of <1 ppmw) was accomplished with this sorbent using a fixed-bed adsorber. The CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ sorbent was capable of removing 6.4 and 11.2 mg of sulfur per gram for jet fuel at breakthrough (at <1 ppmw S) and saturation, respectively. The same sorbent was capable of removing 0.94 and 1.8 mg of sulfur per gram for BP diesel at breakthrough and saturation, respectively. The difference in sulfur capacities for jet fuel and diesel was apparently caused by the difference in concentrations of strongly binding compounds, such as nitrogen heterocycles, heavy (polynuclear) aromatics and fuel additives. In comparison with CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃, Cu(I)Y zeolite has higher sulfur capacities but is less stable and can be easily oxidized to Cu(II)Y by fuel additives (such as oxygenates) and moisture and consequently loses π-complexation ability. However, all these cuprous π-complexation sorbents selectively adsorb thiophenic compounds over aromatics and olefins (as predicted by the high separation factors), which resulted in the observed desulfurization capability. A feasibility study is shown for efficient regeneration of CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ using ultrasound at ambient temperature. Possible problems associated with desulfurization using π-complexation sorbents for commercial fuels are discussed.     

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫技术进展

综述了近年来国内外几种主要的烟气脱硫技术和目前正在研究开发的新工艺，简要的介绍了其原理，技术特点和存在的问题；并从技术、经济角度对几种常用的脱硫工艺进行分析与总结，对未来做出了展望。     

Facile regeneration vitreous microfibrous entrapped supported ZnO sorbent with high contacting efficiency for bulk H2S removal from reformate streams in fuel cell applications

In this study, a microfibrous carrier consisting of 3 vol.% of 8 μm (diameter) glass fibers is used to entrap 45 vol.% of 150 to 250 μm (diameter) SiO₂ support particulates. ZnO is then nanodispersed onto the support by impregnation at the loading of 17 wt.%. At equivalent bed volumes, ZnO/SiO₂-entrapped materials provide twofold longer breakthrough times for H₂S (with a 67% reduction in sorbent loading) compared with packed beds of 1 to 2 mm commercial extrudates. Five-log reductions in H₂S concentration with up to 75% ZnO utilization at breakthrough are achieved. H₂S concentrations from 60 to 2000 parts per million in volume (ppmv) can be reduced to as little as 0.6 ppmv at 400°C in 30% H₂O at a face velocity of 1.7 cm/s for layers as thin as 1.0 mm. At 500 to 600°C, ZnO/SiO₂-entrapped materials provide much higher regenerability in air than do 1 to 2 mm commercial extrudates. The use of glass fibers permits greater than 50 regeneration cycles. This paper was presented at the ASM Materials Solutions Conference & Show held October 18–21, 2004 in Columbus, OH.     

高温煤气脱硫剂再生性能研究进展

金属复合型脱硫剂已经成为高温煤气脱硫剂的研究重点,脱硫剂不仅要求具有良好的硫化能力,还必须易于再生,以达到多次循环使用及降低生产成本的目的。介绍了中高温煤气脱硫剂的再生性能的研究概况,包括:铁和锌系列脱硫剂、钙和铈系列脱硫剂、铜和锰系列脱硫剂。大量实验研究表明,脱硫剂的种类和再生工艺与其再生后的脱硫特性密切相关,再生结果是脱硫剂能否工业化应用的关键环节之一,在考察脱硫剂硫化特性的同时,必须注重脱硫剂再生特性的研究。